Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Chamlagain, D., Pierce, I. K., Karki, A., & Gautam, D. (2017a). The Historic Nepal - Bihar earthquake measuring M 8.4 in Richter scale struck on 15 Jan-1934, Monday at 2:24 PM (NST) is the greatest recorded ever earthquake in Nepals History. 2 409-452. Though many of their lower marks have survived, no systematic remeasurement was possible after the earthquake, and none has been attempted subsequently. A SYMPOSIUM on the origin of the North Bihar Earthquake of January 15th, 1931, was held at a joint meeting of the Mathematics, Physics and Geology Sections of the Indi in Scieace Congress, 1935, under the Chairmanship of Dr. Ii. First-order spirit leveling lines in northern Bihar were remeasured shortly after the earthquake (Burrard 1934; De Graaf-Hunter 1934; Bomford 1937). Geol. India Spec. The towns to the south of the river Ganges like Patna, Bhagalpur, and Gaya escaped with lighter damages. In Patna, many buildings in the bazaar were destroyed and damage was particularly severe along the river. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Mumbai, and from Assam to Punjab. Jorganesh Press. Geodetic Branch Survey of India (p. 97). Bihar earthquake 1934 6,000 . Lack of a central zone in which the shaking was demonstrably stronger than elsewhere suggests that the waves did not originate within the plains of India. To his credit Mr. Salim has more than 400 published articles on history, politics, culture and literature in English and Hindi. On Monday the 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes. The 1934 Bihar earthquake created knee-deep mud on the agricultural field. Publ. Most of the Government buildings in Laheriasarai town had collapsed. Dunn J A, Auden J B, Ghosh A M H, Roy S C and Wadia D N 1939 The Bihar-Nepal Earthquake of 1934; Geol. The Great Earthquake in Nepal (1934 A.D.). This 8.0 magnitude earthquake occurred on 15 January 1934 at around 2:13pm IST (08:43 UTC) and caused widespread damage in northern Bihar and in Nepal. Most of the destruction of structures built on unconsolidated sediment had been assumed due to amplification effect of such loose deposits. ), 2019. Majority of seismic events in the Kumaun-Garhwal Himalayas region is located close to the MCT or north and south of it. 8.0 magnitude earthquake. The maximum Mercalli Intensity was estimated about XI, on a scale of I to XII. London:Special Publications. 70(3) 757-773. The earthquake caused a massive avalanche on the slope of Mount Everest which took the life of 18 people and injured at least 30 climbers. Avouac J P 2003 Mountain Building, Erosion, and the Seismic Cycle in the Nepal Himalaya; Adv. The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. A brick arch bridge between the civil lines and the old town was also fractured. ), Earthquake prediction-an international review, maurice ewing series, American Geophysical Union (Vol. Even in Bihar province, affected parts were northern and central areas. Tilting and slumping of the houses were entirely absent. Current Science, 69, 101127. Using Chen and Molnar's (1977) relocated epicenter and the region of maximum shaking intensity and subsidence as proxy measures of the centroid of the 1934 earthquake we conclude that the rupture propagated from east to west. There is evidence that even larger events have occurred in the past, and geodetic and seismic monitoring show that stress is accumulating now. Gutenberg, B., & Richter, C. F. (1949). [9][10], Mahatma Gandhi visited the Bihar state. Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the average rate of slip in central Asia. 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC Location: Epicenter at 26.885, 86.589 19.2 km from Lahn (12.2 miles) Nepal India Border . Mitigation Measures for Earthquakes in India J. Int. 46 10.1016/S0065-2687(03)46001-9. Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S. G., Rockwell, T. K., Ragona, D., Thakur, V. C., & Seitz, G. G. (2001). R, Brahmaamera Jagabahdra, and Kesar Lall. Copyright 2023 Devastating Disasters.com | Powered by, Bihar Earthquake India January 15, 1934. On January 15, 1934, a great earthquake struck Bihar, India causing between 10,000 to 30,000 deaths [1]. Nasu, N. (1935). The 1934 Nepal-Bihar Earthquake. Brett (1935) reported 7253 deaths in Bihar.After the earthquake John Auden (brother of the poet laureat W.H. Zones like Dharan, Sindhuli, Udayapur and Bhojpur were severely damaged. Shortly after the Bihar Earthquake of 1934, the social workers under a mistaken idea started constructing a bandh across an innumerable waterways blocking the roads and railways, culverts and drainage channels. Earthquake Intensity of I-X was assigned to parts of the valley and I-IX at rest of the valley. Most of the buildings are masonry structures which were heavily damaged during the earthquake. The 1934 NepalBihar earthquake or 1934 BiharNepal earthquake was one of the worst earthquakes in the history of Nepal and Bihar, India. The great Earthquake of 1934 led to drastic changes in the Building Codes and specifications. New quake hits Turkey, toppling more buildings: 1 killed Officials say a magnitude 5.6 earthquake shook southern Turkey causing some damaged buildings to collapse and killing at least one person Feb. 25, 2023, 9:00 AM ET (AP) Turkey launches investigation into 612 people after quake The area west of Kathmandu has not ruptured in the last three hundred years and stands out as a potential site for future great Himalayan earthquakes. Soc. Peculiarly enough in 1833 there was another big Earthquake causing havoc in North Bihar. The loss to livestock was enormous. Singh, D. D., & Gupta, H. K. (1980). Diversity, distribution, and abundance status of small mammalian fauna (Chiroptera: Rodentia: Eulipotyphla) of Manipur, India, Indian states' electricity transition (SET) . excessive rain during the earthquakes cause damage to the bridges. Before pursuing his research and masters in modern Indian History from JNU, he was an electrical engineering student at AMU. Nepal 5 22-44. [7] In Jharia the earthquake led to further spread of underground fire. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. With the 7.8-magnitude earthquake hitting Turkey this Monday. Fatality rates of the M w ~8.2, 1934, Bihar-Nepal earthquake and comparison with the April 2015 Gorkha earthquake https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-016-9554-z, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. Bhaktapur also saw massive destruction but less than these five villages. The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake had a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal and India combined. Active faulting south of the himalayan front: Establishing a new plate boundary. Sir E. Pascoe's lecture on Indian earthquakes and their causes is published by the Royal Society of Arts (Journal, 82, 577-594; 1934), and papers on the North Bihar earthquake by Dr. M. S . The Kesariya Stupa in the town of Bihar was reduced 6 m in height to 35 m by the 1934 earthquake. Maharashtra earthquake, 1993. Cur Sci, 83, 10191025. At places, even the water sprigs out about 10-12 feet from such fissures. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature (Nature) 1935 A report on the Bihar Earthquake and on the measures taken in consequence thereof up to the 31st December 1934. , Relief Commissioner, Bihar and Orissa. This illustrates the large temporal change in potential seismic risks in a few years. The intensity of ground shaking depends on the duration, local geology, and distance. 6 85-98. chaired the Board of Advisors for the Southern California Earthquake Center from 1994 to 1996. The clock in the tower of the Secretariat stopped at 2.16 p.m. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0). Great detachment earthquakes along the himalayan arc and long-term forecasting. Along the Terai belt, destruction was observed from the eastern border of Nepal Almost half of the bridges in the valley would be impassible, and 10 percent of all paved roads would have moderate damage, such as deep cracks or subsidence. The magnitude of the earthquake was 8.1. This is opposite to the direction calculated by Singh and Gupta (1980), and an eastward-propagating rupture appears improbable given the requirements that a 130 to 160 km-long rupture should include the relocated epicenter. Large cracks appeared in the ground and several roads were damaged in Kathmandu; however, the temple of Pashupatinath, the guardian deity of Nepal, escaped any damage. (2020). 85 1-14. (1939) and by Major General Brahma The Historic Nepal - Bihar earthquake measuring M 8.4 in Richter scale struck on 15 Jan-1934, Monday at 2:24 PM (NST) is the greatest recorded ever earthquake in Nepals History. Theres never any convenient time for any. Jamhoor, Aligarh: Champion of Democratic Values, , - -. There was no reliable statistics of the loss to the property in money equivalent. Portland cement subjected to rigid tests replaced mud mortar. Nepal is situated within this seismically active Himalayan mountain belt. The variation of damage in and near the Kathmandu valley and the lack of severe damage to structures built on bedrock suggest that Kathmandu might not have been the epicentral area of the earthquake. As the official Chronicles mentioned the year closed with a feeling of quiet optimism and the knowledge that better times were in store. This sea was gradually consumed through the subduction of the oceanic floor beneath Tibet. Google Scholar. Seismicity in the Himalayas is the direct consequence of an ongoing process of faulting and thrusting. Insert: Parts of Uttar Pradesh state and the location of Chamoli Town, which is close to the epicenter of the 29 March 1999 earthquake. Nepals only international airport would be inaccessible. (Following is a reproduction of the account written by P.C Roy Choudhury). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-016-9554-z. Northern part of Kathmandu including Budhanilkantha, Sundarijal, Gaucharan was found relatively safe and suffered only minimum damage. The earthquake shocks of magnitude 5 to 6 have been recorded in the Garhwal region in 1803, 1809, 1816, 1966, Thru~ t (MRT) and is about 50 Km east northeast of the location of great Bihar-Nepal earthquake of january 15, 1934. No contemporary surface rupture was reported for this great Himalayan earthquake although one has recently been reported in trench investigations in Nepal. The study reported that the recovery was faster . Bomford G 1937 Leveling in Bengal and Bihar 93-97. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The largest instrumentally recorded earthquake within a radius of 300 km happened on 15. generally referred to as the Chamoli earthquake. 125 people lost their lives, 248 were seriously injured. 3. News from the most affected region arrived only two or three days later. For half a century following the shock, the epicenter was believed located beneath the Ganga plain in the Bihar province of India, corresponding to early instrumental locations of the epicenter by Gutenburg & Richter (1954). Kathmandu Valley that includes Kathmandu, Lalitpur, & Bhaktapur (Bhadgaon then) districts was severely damaged. L. Fermor. 4. The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period about 10,000 persons were killed and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. In a speech in Bihar Gandhi attributed the suffering, damage and the loss of life incurred in the earthquake to divine chastisement for India's failure to eradicate the concept of the caste of untouchables. But the study of distribution and the various causes of damage showed that if faults ruptured in northern India, then the locations of such faults are not verified by the distribution of intensity observed. 159(1) 165-206, doi:10.1111/J.1365-246X.2004.02323. (2017b). Active strike-slip faults and an outer frontal thrust in the Himalayan foreland basin. Paleoseismic evidence of great surface rupture earthquakes along the Indian himalaya. which caused irreparable damage to human structures. The Bihar Earthquake of 1934 C. D. Nature 136 , 485-486 ( 1935) Cite this article 579 Accesses Metrics Abstract SOON after the occurrence of this great earthquake on January 15, Dr. J. The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. The first was its basic . At Lakhisarai the water was observed to recede from mid-stream and sand gushed up the exposed bed of the river. bands at different levels in the structure interconnected with R.C. and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. Kathmandu valley was severely damaged in that earthquake. De Graff-Hunter J 1934 The Indian earthquake (1934); Nature(London) 133 236-237. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124, 91829207. The quake was felt at far-off places such as Kanpur (440 km south-east from the 6 Celebs Who Lost Their Lives Under the Knife. We then used the Forecast Time Series button to create the plot below of the time-dependent change in probability of an earthquake M>6 within the circular region. GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences. Railway tracks were buckled or twisted, bridges collapsed or distorted and telephone posts uprooted and hundreds of bunds had fissured. First-Order spirit leveling lines in northern Bihar were remeasured shortly after the earthquake, and old... Lives, 248 were seriously injured havoc in north Bihar series, American Union! C. F. ( 1949 ) lost their lives, 248 were seriously injured town. The exposed bed of the oceanic floor beneath Tibet Himalayan front: Establishing a new boundary. Than these five villages worst earthquakes in the past, and distance the High Court the. Damages to buildings, roads, bridges collapsed or distorted and telephone posts uprooted and of! Buckled or twisted, bridges, railway tracks were buckled or twisted, bridges, railway tracks were buckled twisted. 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